What is Catnip And why Does Catnip Do to Cats

Catnip, belonging to the mint family and comprising approximately 250 species, boasts a leafy green appearance. The magic lies in nepetalactone, the essential oil found in catnip. This potent compound can transform even the most lethargic feline into a wild, playful furball—provided that said furball has inherited the sensitivity to its effects.

Interestingly, this trait doesn’t manifest until a cat reaches the age of three to six months; before that, a kitten remains blissfully unresponsive. Notably, sensitivity to this herb is hereditary, with an estimated 50% of cats showing no reaction at all. But what exactly does catnip do to cats, and why does it have such a dramatic impact on their behavior?

Catnip, scientifically known as Nepeta cataria, is a perennial herb from the mint family and has been a topic of fascination among cat owners and researchers alike. This seemingly ordinary plant harbors an extraordinary power over our feline friends, inducing a range of behaviors that can be both amusing and perplexing to observe.

 This article delves into the science behind catnip’s effects on cats, the behaviors it triggers, and its safety and usage, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of this intriguing plant.

Crazy for catnip

The key ingredient responsible for catnip’s influence is a compound called nepetalactone. This oil, found in the leaves and stems of the plant, binds to specific receptors in a cat’s vomeronasal organ, also known as Jacobson’s organ. Located in the roof of the mouth, this organ plays a crucial role in detecting and interpreting scents.

When nepetalactone binds to these receptors, it triggers a physiological response in the cat’s brain. This response can manifest in various ways, depending on the individual cat’s sensitivity and genetic predisposition.

Smelling vs. Eating

The most exhilarating catnip encounter begins with a simple whiff—the moment your feline friend inhales this fragrant herb, they promptly transform into a whirlwind of playful antics. Researchers speculate that catnip specifically targets the “happy” receptors in a cat’s brain. However, when ingested, its effects take a different turn, inducing a calming influence on your cat.

When exposed to catnip, most cats respond by rolling, flipping, rubbing against surfaces, and eventually entering a blissful trance. Some may even punctuate their experience with meows or growls. On the other paw, certain cats become hyperactive or downright feisty, especially if you approach them during their catnip-induced frenzy.

Typically, these spirited sessions last around 10 minutes, after which your cat’s interest wanes. However, it might take up to two hours for your feline companion to “reset” and become susceptible to catnip’s allure once more. While cats are unlikely to overdose on catnip, overindulgence can lead to mild illness. Trust your kitty’s instincts—they usually know when they’ve had their fill of this enchanting herb. 

A Spectrum of Reactions: How Cats Respond to Catnip

The effects of catnip can be broadly categorized into two phases:

1. Excitement and Playfulness: This is the most commonly observed reaction. Cats exposed to catnip often exhibit increased activity, rolling around, rubbing against the source of the scent, and displaying heightened playfulness. Some may even exhibit vocalizations like meows or chirps.

2. Relaxation and Mellowness: While less common, some cats experience a calming effect after the initial excitement phase. They may become more relaxed, groom themselves more frequently, and even exhibit a slight drowsiness.

It’s important to note that not all cats react to catnip. Studies suggest that genetic factors play a significant role in determining a cat’s sensitivity. Roughly 50-80% of cats possess the gene responsible for reacting to nepetalactone, while the remaining cats are entirely unaffected.

What Does Catnip Do to Cats? How Does Catnip Work?

1. Scent Organ and Nepetalactone:
   • Cats possess an additional scent organ known as the vomeronasal gland, located on the roof of their mouth. This specialized pathway allows scents collected from both the nose and mouth to be transmitted directly to the brain.
2. The Influence of Nepetalactone:
   • Nepetalactone, an essential oil found within catnip leaves, can induce behavioral changes in cats. To experience its effects, a cat must simply inhale the scent of catnip.
3. Catnip’s Mimicry of Sex Hormones:
   • Catnip acts as a mimic for feline sex hormones. Consequently, cats that partake in this herb often exhibit behaviors akin to a female cat in heat—regardless of their gender.
4. Diverse Behaviors:
   • The range of catnip-induced behaviors is diverse. Some cats display overt signs of affection, relaxation, and happiness, while others become more active, engaging in playfulness or even occasional aggression.
5. Therapeutic Benefits:
   • For cats that respond positively to catnip, it can serve as a natural remedy. It may help reduce anxiety and even provide relief from pain.
6. Separation Anxiety Solution:
   • In cases where a cat will be home alone for an extended period, some veterinarians recommend using catnip to alleviate separation anxiety.

Remember, each cat’s response to catnip can vary, but this fascinating herb continues to captivate our feline friends! 

The Safety and Benefits of Catnip

Catnip is generally considered safe for cats. However, it’s crucial to offer it in moderation. Excessive amounts can lead to overstimulation, anxiety, and even digestive upset in some cats.

Catnip can offer several potential benefits for felines:

• Stress relief: The calming effect observed in some cats can provide temporary relief from stress and anxiety.
• Enrichment and exercise: Catnip can stimulate playful behavior, encouraging exercise and providing mental stimulation.
• Bonding: Engaging in play with your cat while they’re under the influence of catnip can be a fun way to strengthen your bond.

Responsible Use of Catnip: Tips for Cat Owners

Here are some tips for using catnip safely and responsibly:

• Start with a small amount: Introduce catnip gradually, observing your cat’s reaction.
• Monitor your cat: Don’t leave your cat unattended while under the influence of catnip.
• Choose appropriate forms: Opt for catnip toys or sprinkle a small amount on scratching posts, not directly on furniture.
• Respect individual preferences: If your cat doesn’t seem interested or reacts negatively, don’t force them to interact with catnip.

Embracing the Magic of Catnip

The captivating effect of catnip on certain felines remains a unique and intriguing phenomenon. While the full scientific explanation behind it might still be unfolding, understanding the potential benefits and responsible use of this curious herb can enhance the well-being and enjoyment of these fascinating creatures. So, the next time you observe your cat frolicking in a catnip haze, remember, that it’s not just a playful outburst — it’s a journey into the complex and fascinating world of feline behavior.